The mold cavities and gate system are created by compacting the sand around models called patterns, by carving directly into the sand, or by 3D printing. The sand is typically contained in a system of frames or mold boxes known as a flask. The mixture is moistened, typically with water, but sometimes with other substances, to develop the strength and plasticity of the clay and to make the aggregate suitable for molding. In addition to the sand, a suitable bonding agent (usually clay) is mixed or occurs with the sand. Molds made of sand are relatively cheap, and sufficiently refractory even for steel foundry use. Over 60% of all metal castings are produced via sand casting process. Sand castings are produced in specialized factories called foundries. The term "sand casting" can also refer to an object produced via the sand casting process. Sand casting, also known as sand molded casting, is a metal casting process characterized by using sand as the mold material. Two sets of castings (bronze and aluminium) from the above sand mold
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